Чем лучше обшить стены внутри деревянного дома: 50 фото и 2 видео

Чем обшить дом изнутри: отделка стен брусового дома

Во все времена деревянные дома пользовались большой популярностью. Сейчас положение дел не изменилось и большинство людей, желающих иметь жилье на земле, выбирают дома, изготовленные из древесины. Из цельного бревна получаются красивые сооружения, но они очень дорогие и поэтому чаще всего строятся дома из бруса. Для того чтобы придать такому жилищу законченный вид, нужно знать, как обшить дом изнутри, если он из бруса. Сделать это можно своими руками.

Очень часто владельцы брусовых домов обрабатывают поверхности стен специальными пропитками и лаками и оставляют без декоративных покрытий. Но все же большинство хозяев желают произвести дополнительную отделку, и тут встает вопрос, – чем лучше обшить дом из бруса, какой материал использовать.

Отделка вагонкой

Наиболее популярным материалом для обшивки дома является вагонка. Это обрезные доски шириной до 22 см, которые изготавливают из натуральных пород дерева:

• липа;
• ель;
• сосна и другие.

Благодаря тому, что у таких досок имеется система специальных соединений, монтаж вагонки не потребует специальных навыков. Произвести внутреннюю обшивку этими материалами сможет даже неопытный мастер.

Перед тем, как начинать обшивать стены брусового дома древесиной, лучше изготовить специальную обрешетку, которая позволит добиться того, что поверхность будет более ровная. Еще между брусьями и обрешеткой можно уложить специализированные утеплители, которые помогут создать более благоприятный климат в помещении.

Если утепление не требуется, то можно монтировать вагонку прямо на стены дома, не делая обрешетку. Укладывать данную обшивку можно как горизонтально, так и вертикально, это зависит от предпочтений хозяев.

Обшиваем стены внутри дома гипсокартоном

Еще одним отличным материалом для обшивки дома изнутри может служить гипсокартон. С помощью этого материала можно значительно упростить отделочные работы и при этом создать идеально ровные поверхности.

Данный материал легкий и экологичный, а цена доступна потребителю с невысоким достатком. Гипсокартон идеально подойдет для того, чтобы скрыть систему коммуникаций, которая не очень презентабельно смотрится на общем фоне.

Следует помнить, что обшивку гипсокартоном нельзя делать в доме, который недавно построен. При усадке дома гипсокартон может деформироваться, либо вообще разломиться, а вот если обшивку делают после усадки, то с его помощью можно закрыть различные трещины и сколы.

Гипсокартон бывает различных видов:

Специальный гипсокартон – в состав входят армирующие добавки, благодаря которым он отлично выдерживает воздействие открытого огня.
Традиционный гипсокартон – подходят для помещений с нормальной влажностью.
Гипсокартон влагостойкий – этот гипсокартон содержит добавки, которые защищают листы от влаги и не позволяют развиться грибковым спорам.
Комбинированный красный – у него высокие показатели огнеупорности и влагостойкости.

Начиная обшивку дома гипсокартоном, следует знать некоторые правила:

Обшивку начинают не ранее, чем через год после постройки дома. Это нужно для того чтобы прошла основная усадка дерева.

Перед началом монтажа необходимо очистить стены дома от смолы и обработать их специальным составам.

Для крепления гипсокартона необходимо использовать специальную конструкцию из стального профиля.

 

Каркас и облицовка должны находиться на расстоянии 3-4 см от потолка и в 1 см от пола. Чтобы эти зазоры не бросались в глаза их закрывают специальными бордюрами или плинтусами. Только не забывайте, что они крепятся только к горизонтальным поверхностям. Их нельзя прикручивать к стенам дома.

Под листы гипсокартона необходимо обязательно укладывать пароизоляцию, так как в противном случае со временем под ним заводится грибок.

После монтажа листы гипсокартона можно украсить различными материалами:

• натуральный или искусственный камень;
• краска;
• керамическая плитка;
• обои.

Как обшить дом изнутри блок хаусом

Для того чтобы придать своему жилищу уют и защитить его от лишних потерь тепла подходит современный материал – блок хаус. У данного отделочного материала высокие эксплуатационные качества и его очень легко монтировать. Используя блок хаус можно придать помещению индивидуальность и лоск.

Блок хаус можно различить по материалу изготовления. Это может быть:

• дерево;
• поливинилхлорид;
• металл.

В основном, для обшивки дома внутри, используют блок хаус из древесины. Для его изготовления  используют лиственные, либо хвойные породы деревьев. Такие материалы очень экологичные.

Блок хаус представляет собой доску, у которой внутренняя сторона – плоская, а внешняя – выгнутая. У данных панелей имеются детали для стыковки, благодаря которым удается избежать появления щелей. Они обеспечивают крепление на высоком уровне.

Правила обшивки блок хаусом:

1.  Устанавливается данный облицовочный материал на специально смонтированные каркасы, а не на стены дома.
2. Перед началом сборки доски необходимо некоторое время подержать в помещении.
3. При монтаже панели следует располагать таким образом, чтобы шип был сверху, а паз – снизу. Благодаря этому в пазах не скапливается пыль и грязь.
4. Между панелями и горизонтальными поверхностями (потолком, полом) необходимо оставлять небольшое пространство для циркуляции воздушных масс.
5. Для того чтобы избежать деформации материала от перепадов температуры и влажности нужно, чтобы между досками также имелся мизерный зазор.

Блок хаус, изготовленный из лиственных пород дерева, очень влагоустойчивый, а если он выполнен из хвойных пород, то внутри дома будет благоприятный микроклимат.

Пробковые панели, чтобы обшить дом изнутри

Для внутренней обшивки деревянного дома отлично подойдут панели из пробки. Они изготовляются из натурального материала и придают дому красочно-нарядный вид. Выбирая данные панели для обшивки дома, человек получает экологичный, легкий материал. Который, к тому же, имеет довольно разнообразную цветовую гамму и большой выбор рисунков. Эти панели очень гигиеничны, не накапливают влагу и пыль.

Производится такой материал для обшивки дома как в виде панелей большого размера, так и в виде отдельных плиток имеющих разный размер. Данный факт позволяет обшивать не только все помещение целиком, но и отдельно взятые участки различной конфигурации, и имеющие маленькие размеры.

Обшивка стен дома пробковыми панелями производится с помощью специального клея.

  

Прочие материалы для обшивки стен дома

Существуют и другие материалы для обшивки дома. Они состоят из смеси натуральных и синтетических компонентов.

ДВП панели

Довольно часто для того чтобы обшить дом используют листы ДВП. Данный материал не деформируется и не растрескивается даже при значительных перепадах температуры. Листы имеют большую площадь и при этом они довольно тонкие. Они отлично подойдут для обшивки основных стен дома и перегородок.

Листы ДВП производятся с различным декором, и это дает возможность подобрать материал для любого интерьера.

МДФ панели

Этот материал для обшивки дома напоминает ДВП, но листы более плотные. Панели МДФ очень прочные и имеют гладкую поверхность пригодную для ламинирования, окрашивания. Их можно покрывать обоями и мыть при необходимости.

Для того чтобы обшить дом такими панелями необходимо установить специальную обрешетку изготовленную из металлических профилей. Если стена дома не имеет неровностей, то можно прикрепить панель прямо на стену дома.

Этот материал не представляет никакой угрозы человеку, так как он абсолютно экологичен.

Отделка сайдингом

Для того чтобы обшить дом из бруса с внешней стороны, отлично подойдет сайдинг. Это довольно практичный материал, имеющий массу достоинств. Самым главным достоинством является возможность защитить дом от отрицательного влияния погодных условий.

90000 How To — Sheathing Garage Walls With Plywood and Insulate Them Too 90001 90002 When I moved into my current home, I had nowhere to set up shop. Coming from 2-1 / 2 bays of a 3-1 / 2 car garage, I was potentially — as they say — SOL (Dung Out of Luck). Fortunately, finances came through enough to lure a contractor into constructing a 24 ‘x 36’ building in the new back yard. But I could only afford bare studs and rafters, leaving the interior walls and ceiling up to me to deal with as my shriveled wallet slowly re-hydrates.I saved up enough to tackle the walls and spent several weeks researching and watching videos, learning how to properly do the job. And now I’m ready to share what I’ve learned. If you do not mind a little manual labor, crack open a box of sweat rags and roll down your sleeves. Let’s insulate and start sheathing garage walls, all without drywall! 90003 90004 From Studs To Studly — Insulate And Sheath Those Ugly Things 90005 90006 My first lesson was derived from the wisdom of ancient philosophers: «One must be able to actually get 90007 to 90008 the walls in order to work 90007 on 90008 the walls.»- unknown smart dude 90002 Before going any further, take the time to research your local building codes. My research and experience was focused on my specific situation, but the rules and requirements of insulation and other details vary with respect to region and jurisdiction. Especially in basements, which should not be insulated with fiberglass, due to risk of mold. 90003 90002 At minimum, this will give you a good jumping off point. At most, I’ll recruit you to come help do the ceiling when the time comes; you 90007 are 90008 on my short list, after all.Oh no … you’ve already started reading; there’s no backing out of it now! 90003 90017 I should have just paid the extra month’s warehouse rent and finished the walls before moving my stuff in. 90002 My first mistake was not doing the walls BEFORE filling the building with crap. Unless you enjoy moving everything you own multiple times, either take care of the walls before moving everything in or be sure to leave a 4-5 foot margin in which to work. Some things are learned the hard way. Truth be known, I’ve yet to do the front wall for this very reason.I must first move an 18 «depth of sheet goods and the forest of lineal stock that’s leaned against the naked studs. 90003 90004 Insulation — A Cozy Blanket For Your Garage or Shop 90005 90022 20 rolls of insulation, waiting to be installed. Let the fun begin. 90002 Your local building codes should be considered final authority on any construction protocol. I used rolls of paper faced R-13 insulation. You’ll probably want higher rated insulation for any walls shared with climate controlled spaces, such as your house.Note that basements have different insulation requirements than above ground walls and are not covered in this discussion. 90003 90002 Home Depot and Owens Corning’s nifty insulation calculator is a great resource to estimate how much insulation you’ll need. I figured I needed 19 rolls, but Home Depot’s price break was at 20. Buying that extra roll saved me a lot of money. 90003 90002 Whether you use batts or rolls, be sure to purchase insulation in the width that matches your stud spacing (16 «in my case).Do not use loose insulation to fill a wall. It will eventually settle, leaving open air space at the top and compressed insulation at the bottom, both of which dramatically reduce efficiency. Some alternatives to fiberglass include recycled denim insulation and products like Roxul, both of which have some useful sound-dampening characteristics and environmentally friendly traits. 90003 90002 It’s recommended to wear long sleeves and pants when working with fiberglass insulation. Naturally, I opted for a T-shirt and shorts.Sure, I itched a tiny bit but it was not the end of the world. I did my best to avoid rubbing against the fiberglass, but some fibers will end up airborne. Therefor, gloves, goggles and a dust mask are a must. Fiberglass in the sinuses and lungs can be an unpleasant and hazardous experience, to say the least. 90003 90004 Insulation Laceration — Cutting To Length 90005 90033 The 2 x 4 in the foreground was used as a measuring stick. I marked it with a line that shows me where to cut. 90002 Roll insulation is easy to cut.Measure the length and use a framing square or other straight edge to squeeze the insulation flat against a scrap piece of plywood and cut it with a razor knife. Alternatively, the oversized scissors I used worked like a champ. 90003 90002 Your insulation should be cut the same length as the height of the opening. You do not want gaps or bunching at the top or bottom. I chose paper backed rolls for both price and convenience. The Kraft paper backing has a vapor barrier coating between it and the fiberglass and should be installed with the paper side facing the interior of the garage.The paper also has tabs to prevent sagging. 90003 90004 Insulation Manipulation — Negotiating In-wall Obstacles 90005 90040 Walls tend to have lots of electrical wiring and other obstacles to watch out for. 90002 It’s a well known fact that the number of obstacles in a given wall is directly proportional to the severity of your wanting to just get the job done and over with. I think it’s a law or something. There may be wiring, outlet and switch boxes, water pipes and gas lines, and you’re going to have to work around them safely while losing as little «R-value» as possible.90003 90043 The insulation easily peels apart. Feed half behind and half in front of the wiring. 90002 «R-value» is the insulation’s resistance to heat transfer. Insulation works best when it’s fluffy and fills the entire space. So, rather than crush it up against in-wall utilities, peel it apart and feed half behind and half in front (or whatever proportion matches the situation). 90003 90004 Insulating Around Electrical Boxes 90005 90048 The proper way to cut out for an electrical outlet or switch box.90002 It would be insulting to the insulation (and your wallet) to just cram it behind electrical boxes. Tempting as it may be, crushed insulation is highly inefficient. Work around such obstacles by cutting out for the box, leaving about half of the thickness to fill in behind it. 90003 90051 The cutout tucks behind and snuggles around the box. 90002 You’ll have to remove outlet and switch plates — and maybe a breaker box cover — in the process of this job. Use caution. Better yet, kill the main power so it does not kill you.90003 90054 This is a deadly place to fool around. Be careful and tape off the opening for safety. 90002 Be aware that flipping off the main breaker may not protect you from live bus bars in the breaker box. If you do not know what you’re doing, consult a qualified electrician. This is no time for carelessness. 90003 90004 An Insulation Installation Situation — Insulating And Sheathing Garage Walls 90005 90059 Staple the paper tabs every 18 «or so to prevent sagging. 90002 Windows, doors and builder errors will undoubtedly create areas where you’ll need a wider or narrower strip of insulation.For wider pieces, you can cut a strip to fill the gap then use special insulation tape to join the pieces. Just make sure you have paper tabs at the studs. 90003 90002 For narrower strips, cut the insulation lengthwise, but leave an extra inch of width. Then peel and trim fiberglass away from the backing to create a paper tab on the cut edge. 90003 90002 Finally, use a staple gun to attach the paper tabs to the studs. With metal studs, spray adhesive can be used instead. The insulation will fluff up when unrolled.But, once in place, gently rub and pat the paper facing to fluff it even more. 90003 90004 Wall Sheathing — Insulate And Sheath Your Garage Walls 90005 90068 OSB is a lot more durable than you might think. These pieces have been outside — fully exposed as shown — through two Florida rainy seasons (rained on well over 100 times). 90002 Nothing beats a wooden wall in a garage or workshop. Plywood and OSB (Oriented Strand Board) are both excellent choices, with OSB being less expensive. You can bump things into a wooden wall without fear of punching holes.And things can be hung with screws pretty much anywhere without having to locate studs (though studs are nice for heavy objects, such as cabinetry). The drawback is that the finish is not going to be as smooth or pretty as drywall; a minor price to pay, considering the benefits. 90003 90071 In contrast to the OSB above, some idiot (some other idiot, not me) threw this particle board on a street corner about two weeks ago and went from A-OK to WTF in about five rains. 90002 I used 7/16 «OSB, a wall sheathing I’ve been very happy with in the past.Some people falsely conflate OSB with particle board. But OSB is widely used to sheath roofs and to skin the exteriors of houses. It can handle a surprising amount of rain before swelling and breaking down. That said, it’s not intended to be exposed to the elements for any long period of time. My point is only that it’s a lot more durable than it looks. Particle board, on the other hand, will disintegrate and contort if you look at it funny; or feed it after midnight. Compare the two photos above.90003 90004 Stud Finder — Points To Self 90005 90076 Some OSB comes printed with lines showing where the studs should be. But do not assume they match reality. Measure and verify. 90002 Before placing each panel of sheathing, be sure to measure where the studs are. Do not take for granted that the builder spaced them all perfectly. Odds are, they did not. 90003 90079 In this split view, you can see how I hung a string from a nail above the sheathing. The bottom is weighted with a heavy nut. Now I know exactly where the center of the stud is.90002 To be sure you can find the center of the studs — especially if you find one that’s out of position — mark its location on the panel or hang a plumb bob so you know where to drive your nails. This is your last look inside the wall, so consider marking the center of each stud at the top and bottom of the wall that’s still visible once you have the sheathing in place. 90003 90002 The sheathing should be nailed at every stud. But be very careful to avoid wiring, gas lines and water pipes! In other words, know where the utilities run through the studs and avoid them like the plague.One ill-placed nail can open a huge can of worms. 90003 90004 Stud Gets Nailed — Recommends Eye Protection 90005 90086 2-1 / 2 «, 8d ring shank nails. Do not use screws. 90002 I used 2-1 / 2 «long, 8d ring shank nails. Once they’re in they are not coming loose without a fight! OSB is usually used for exterior wall sheathing. In that application, it’s recommended to locate nails 6 «apart around the perimeter of each sheet and 12» apart on the intermediate studs; and to leave an 1/8 «expansion gap between sheets.90003 90002 Given that these are interior walls, I used 12 «spacing around the edges (including top and bottom) and minimal gap between sheets. To determine your «nailing schedule», do not listen to me: check your local building codes. 90003 90002 Also, it’s a good idea to wear goggles or a face shield while nailing. It’s possible for one to come flying back at you as you try to get it started, especially with OSB. 90003 90004 Placing And Raising The First Full Sheet 90005 90095 Because of stud spacing, to fit the first full sheet, I had to leave this space at the corner.90002 The sides of each sheet should land in the middle of a stud. But, often times — at corners, windows and other irregularities in a wall — some studs are going to have different spacing than the standard 16 «or 24». I started at a corner and figured out where the first full sheet can be placed. I also took window placement into consideration when deciding where to start. 90003 90002 In general, try to place any narrower sections at the ends of a wall, rather than in the middle. But every wall is different so you’ll have to play it by ear.90003 90100 Temporary spacers are set under the sheet to raise it off the floor a bit. 90002 When sheathing garage walls — especially on a concrete floor — use a temporary spacer (such as strips of plywood) to raise them off the floor about 3/8 «- 1/2» while fastening them to the wall or measuring for cutouts. This prevents any ground moisture from wicking up and creating problems. For the same reason, the 2 × 4’s at the bottom of the studs are also not contacting the concrete. Instead, there is a foam barrier between the two.90003 90004 Between The Sheets — and Your Garage Walls 90005 90105 Clamp a straight edge in place to make a cutting guide. 90002 Once the first sheet is in place, work outward from there. Get the vertical edges of that first sheet as plumb as you can. If it’s crooked, the rest will follow. Narrower pieces can be cut on saw horses with a track saw or a straightedge and circular saw or jig saw. 90003 90108 When placing your straight edge, be sure to account for the blade offset. 90109 If you do not have a track guided circular saw, this method will yield excellent results.90002 Do not forget to measure the offset between the edge of the tool’s base plate (or «shoe») and the inside edge of the blade, then compensate when locating your cutting guide. 90003 90004 Cut it Out! Cutouts For Electrical Boxes 90005 90114 Cutting openings for electrical boxes is easy if you take your time and measure accurately. 90002 If you’re as unfortunate as I, you may have to cut access holes in more OSB sheets than not. But it’s really not that hard to do. Some careful measurements will ensure everything lines up just right.Stand the sheet on your floor spacer (s) so that it’s at the proper height and lean it against the wall, as upright as you can without it falling on your head. Then lay out the required height and distance from the edge. 90003 90117 Use a framing square to draw lines where the top and bottom of the opening should be. 90118 Here, I’m measuring the distance to the sheathing on the right, which is already attached to the wall. This measurement will be transferred to the one (on the left) that I’m currently laying out.90004 Cutting Out The Cutouts — Insulate And Sheath Your Garage Walls 90005 90121 This one was laid out using the square and tape measure method described above. 90002 To cut the openings in your sheathing, first drill holes at the four corners. Then use a jig saw to cut the opening. 90003 90124 These holes are large enough to accept a jig saw blade. 90125 This sheet of OSB is leaned at enough of an angle so that there’s plenty of clearance for the saw blade. 90126 The completed cutout. 90002 If you’ve crossed your fingers hard enough and measured carefully, the cutout should be in the perfect spot.If not, well, you can always use that sheet to surround a window or to get any narrow strips you may need. That’s what I did! Luckily, I only messed up once. 90003 90129 Ah, fits like a glove! 90004 Let There Be Light — Sheathing Garage Walls Around The Windows 90005 90132 My windows are framed with two separate sheets of OSB. 90002 Rather than a patchwork of four separate panels, get cleaner results and two fewer seams by cutting the window surround out of two sheets. 90003 90135 The first half of the window surround, cut out and ready to hang.90136 First half of the window surround in place. 90002 The sheets are each notched to wrap around the window. Of course, your particular window and / or wall arrangement might now allow for this solution. In a pinch, you can always add an extra stud to attach to if none are appropriately located. 90003 90004 Corner Moulding — Insulate And Sheath Your Garage Walls 90005 90141 3/4 «x 3/4» PVC composite inside corner moulding. 90002 Once the shop walls were sheathed, I pin nailed moulding to dress up the corners.You can buy wooden moulding, but this paintable extruded plastic was easier on the wallet and has no chance of splitting or cracking. 90003 90004 An Extra Special Electrical Panel Access Panel 90005 90146 I left space for an access panel above the breaker box. 90002 I’m not necessarily suggesting you do this, but this is in my workshop. And there are two things a woodworking shop never has enough of: clamps and wall outlets. I figure I may some day need to add more electrical lines. To avoid the possibility of having to later destroy the wall, I decided to make a removable access panel above the breaker box so it’ll be easier to add more lines if / when the time comes.90003 90149 The access panel is screwed in place above the breaker box. 90002 Unlike the rest of the sheathing, which is nailed in place, the access panel is screwed to the studs for easy removal. With screws, you’ll need to pre-drill and counter-sink the OSB. Use good wood screws; not drywall screws, which are prone to snapping when torqued. 90003 90004 Painting The Newly Sheathed Walls 90005 90154 Whew, that was one heck of a job! Now let’s paint this thing and move on with our lives. 90002 And now, the moment we’ve all been waiting for! Actually, I hate painting walls.I seriously do not enjoy it at all. But I got a huge feeling of satisfaction when that first coat went on. Even more so after the second. 90003 90157 With all the switch plates, outlet plates and panel box cover removed, tape up everything you want to keep paint out of. Be careful around exposed wiring! 90002 Personally, I find the look of bare OSB kind of sexy. But painting helps to protect it and brightens up the room quite a bit. We’ve made it this far; we might as well grab a paint roller and rightly finish the job.90003 90160 With a roller, I first painted horizontally, along the top and bottom. Then went back and painted the entire wall vertically. 90161 After two good coats of paint, this job is a wrap. 90002 OSB is thirsty and has tons of crevasses to fill. No matter what paint you use, it’s going to require two medium to heavy coats. 90003 90004 Welcome To The Wonderful World Of Sheathing Garage Walls 90005 90002 90167 90003 90002 Granted, this is not the most fun project one can take on, but doing it yourself can save a lot of money and give you bragging rights too.Not to mention, you’ll finally have walls! It’s hard to appreciate just how nice walls are until you go eight months without. And now that I have walls, I can finally start setting up my new shop. It’s about stinkin ‘time! 90003 90002 I’m not going to lie; this was an exhausting job that leached gallons of sweat from my now glass-fiber-filled pores. Failure to enlist help — and the maniacal laughter of a million Florida suns — may have contributed to my self-inflicted desiccation and backache.So did having to first rearrange everything in the building to even get to the walls. But at least I can say it did it all by myself. You know, me trying to be a hero and all. Let us know your tips and tricks for insulating and sheathing garage walls in the comments below! 90003 .90000 Sheathing A Shed | Home Guides 90001 90002 The term «sheathing» refers to the wooden material that covers the outside of structural members such as studs, rafters and joists. Sheathing strengthens a building’s frame, provides a nailing surface for siding and in some cases functions as diagonal bracing to help a wall resist lateral forces. A garden shed needs good sheathing just as much as any other lumber-framed structure. 90003 90004 Oriented Strand Board 90005 90002 The most inexpensive sheathing material is oriented strand board (OSB).This manufactured wood product is composed of small wood chips that are arranged in layers and glued together. OSB is sold in 4-by-8-foot panels, and the standard panel thickness for OSB sheathing is 7/16 inch. Studies have demonstrated that OSB is an acceptable sheathing material that is comparable, and in some cases superior, to plywood. If, however, your garden shed is frequently exposed to rain and humidity, then OSB may not be the best choice because it is more susceptible to moisture damage than some other sheathing.90003 90004 Plywood 90005 90002 Plywood is generally more expensive than OSB, but its higher tolerance for moist conditions might be worth the extra money. Also, plywood resembles ordinary wood paneling and consequently is much considered more attractive than OSB. Even though sheathing will be covered by siding, you still will have to look at the sheathing when you are inside your shed. Plywood comes in various grades and thicknesses because it is used for much more than just sheathing. The proper grade for plywood sheathing is «CDX,» and 1/2 inch is an appropriate thickness.90003 90004 One-Inch Boards 90005 90002 Rough-sawn, 1-inch-thick boards were once the standard sheathing material, but now they are rarely used. Nevertheless, 1-inch boards still have their advantages. They are often reasonably priced when obtained directly from a nearby sawmill, and they provide extra durability and insulation because they are twice as thick as 1/2-inch-thick plywood sheathing and a little more than twice as thick as standard OSB sheathing. Also, the boards offer an authentic, traditional appearance that can add rustic charm to the interior of a shed.90003 90004 Diagonal Bracing 90005 90002 Lumber-framed walls are essentially rectangles that provide inadequate rigidity against lateral, or sideways, forces. Rigidity is supplied by adding triangular structures into a wall frame. When 1-inch boards are used for sheathing, small-dimension lumber, such as a 1-by-4-inch lumber, arranged diagonally across the wall must be notched into the studs. These diagonal pieces form rigid triangles with the vertical studs and horizontal plates. A major advantage of OSB and plywood is that those panels are wide enough to provide adequate diagonal bracing.So they eliminate the labor required to notch in diagonal 1-by-4s. 90003.90000 Fully Sheathed Walls — APA — The Engineered Wood Association 90001 90002 90003 90004 90005 90002 90007 90004 90002 90010 Siding and trim attachment without needing to hit studs. 90011 Meet code requirements and simplify fastening of siding and trim to plywood or OSB. Continuously sheathing with OSB or plywood not only makes walls stronger and more resilient-these structural panels also make a solid, consistent surface for attaching siding and trim that meets the requirements of the IRC.90012 Learn More> 90004 90005 90002 90016 90004 90002 90010 Construct homes that balance structure, energy efficiency and cost. 90011 Advanced framing is a system of framing techniques based on optimizing building materials to produce wood-framed buildings with lower material and labor costs than conventionally framed structures. 90012 Learn More> 90004 90005 90002 90025 90004 90002 90010 Resist lateral and uplift loads at raised-heel trusses. 90011 Raised-heel trusses, also known as energy-heel trusses, deliver cost-effective energy performance, especially when used with continuous plywood or OSB sheathing.90012 Learn More> 90004 90005 90002 90034 90004 90002 90010 Simply comply with IRC wall bracing requirements. 90011 A house must be built to safely resist the lateral loads that result from high-wind events and earthquakes. Wall studs alone can not resist the racking forces. Wall bracing helps keep walls square during wind events and earthquakes. 90012 Learn More> 90004 90005 90002 90043 90004 90002 90010 Provides a rigid base for use with high density wall insulation.90011 Wood structural panel sheathing maintains the structural durability of the home and allows walls to be insulated to higher R-values, resulting in high strength wall systems that are cost effective and contractor friendly. 90012 Learn More> 90004 90005 90002 90052 90004 90002 90010 Cost effectively comply with energy code requirements. 90011 Satisfy energy codes and construct energy-saving buildings in all climate zones. 90012 Learn More> 90004 90005 90002 90061 90004 90002 90010 Code-recognized air barrier material for sealing homes tight.90011 Plywood and OSB sheathing are both code-recognized air barrier materials. Common sources of air infiltration should be checked and sealed during construction to minimize air leakage. 90012 Learn More> 90004 90005 90002 90070 90004 90002 90010 Construct homes that stand up to high wind and bounce back from earthquakes. 90011 Wood is the resilient choice for construction. Wood’s strength combined with its ability to absorb stresses or impacts without weakening or degrading make wood a superior building materials, especially in areas susceptible to severe weather conditions or seismic activity.90012 Learn More> 90004 90005 90002 90079 90004 90002 90010 Easier brick tie attachment to sheathing without the need to hit a stud. 90011 Continuously sheathed OSB or plywood walls are a convenient and structurally sound base for attaching brick ties. 90012 Learn More> 90004 90005 90002 90088 90004 90002 90010 Strong, long lasting and environmentally friendly. 90011 Wood has many attributes that make it a good choice for building with an interest in environmental impact and green building.90012 Learn More> 90004 .90000 Timber choices for Wood Frame Construction of Homes 90001 90002 Framing lumber choices for building homes 90003 90004 90005 Framing lumber, also known as structural wood, is the grade of wood used for house framing 90006 (studs, Larsen Trusses for Double-Stud walls, headers, roof trusses and floor joists, etc. as well as in timber frame construction) . Its technical characteristics make it perfectly suitable when large spans are necessary. The list below outlines the different types of wood used as framing lumber most commonly used for house construction and increasingly in timber frames for multi-family low to mid-rise construction throughout the US and Canada.90007 90008 90005 Standard SPF (spruce-pine-fir) lumber — Softwood wood choices: 90006 90011 90012 90013 90005 Light structural lumber 90006 is mainly used in the residential construction of single family homes. This timber is milled from softwood trees (spruce, fir and pine) that are sawn and machine-planed to standard dimensions (2×4 «, 2×6», 2×8 «, etc.). Wood as a framing material is advantageous in that it doesn ‘ t undergo much transformation during processing, it has a low embodied energy, it’s a renewable resource and it stores carbon.90016 90013 90005 Heavy timber 90006 refers to any dimensional lumber over 4.5 «and is often used for post-and-beam construction or timber frame homes. Large dimensions of wood can support heavy loads and facilitate long spans, in addition to being surprisingly fire resistant. 90016 90013 90005 Finger-jointed lumber 90006 (also known as end-jointed and end-glued) is manufactured using short, dry pieces of wood that have been machined on each end and joined using a water repellent structural adhesive.This technique is ecologically beneficial, as it makes use of short pieces of wood to create a finished product that is larger, more stable and easier to align, and is often combined with Glulam and CLT type products to make substantial timber structural elements for «Plyscrapers «etc — (see below). 90016 90025 90008 90027 T 90028 he real dimensions of light structural lumber and 90005 timber for framing homes: 90006 90011 90004 A constant source of confusion amongst DIY Home builders is lumber sizes, as commercially available 90005 2×4 «is actually 1.5 «x 3.5» 90006, a 90005 2×6 is actually 1.5 «x 5.5» 90006. The general rule of thumb: any width listed as 2 «will actually be 1.5» and as for the depth, actual dimensions are .5 «less. The reason for this is planing; some true dimensions can be found at lumber yards, referred to as ‘rough’ lumber or «rough sawn» as they are unplaned wood. 90007 90038 90039 90040 90039 90040 90043 90044 90045 Dimensional Lumber: Nominal Size vs. Actual Size 90046 90047 90048 90049 90044 90051 90005 Nominal Size 90006 90054 90051 90005 Actual Size 90006 90054 90047 90044 90051 Two-by-four or 2 x 4 90054 90051 1 1/2 inches x 3 1/2 inches 90054 90047 90044 90051 Two-by-six or 2 x 6 90054 90051 1 1/2 inches x 5 1/2 inches 90054 90047 90044 90051 Two-by-eight or 2 x 8 90054 90051 1 1/2 inches x 7 1/4 inches 90054 90047 90044 90051 Two-by-ten or 2 x 10 90054 90051 1 1/2 inches x 9 1/4 inches 90054 90047 90044 90051 One-by-two or 1 x 2 90054 90051 3/4-inch x 1 1/2 inches 90054 90047 90044 90051 One-by-three or 1 x 3 90054 90051 3/4-inch x 2 1/2 inches 90054 90047 90044 90051 One-by-four or 1 x 4 90054 90051 3/4-inch x 3 1/2 inches 90054 90047 90102 90103 90004 Here’s another confusing anomoly when looking at choosing wood for framing, Canadian Lumber Standard timber commonly referred to as CLS wood timber became popular in Canada for building strong and durable timber-framed homes but is rarely referred to as CLS lumber in North America.This timber is usually manufactured from kiln-dried fir, pine, or spruce. It is then treated, planed, and finally finished with rounded edges to create accurate and precise tolerances. This type of wood is known to provide aesthetically pleasing finishes and facilitate easier and comfortable application of paint, stains, and preservatives & in recent years CLS timber has become popular in the United Kingdom and Europe where it is mainly used in timber-frame construction, internal partitioning, framing, and carcassing.This wood is also ideal for internal stud walling since it is surfaced on all of its four sides and it has rounded corners. The CLS timber is produced in a wide range of sizes that suit various uses. This product has also been machined on all of its four faces and edges to create beautiful finishes — very unlike the rough-sawn timber usually found in Europe. 90007 90008 90005 Grading Wood in Uk & Europe 90006 90011 90004 The CLS timber is usually graded in respect to its strength in strict conformity to the British Standard EN 14081-1: 2005.This wood can be graded as either C16 or C24. The C24 is the stronger grade, but both categories tend to have a similar physical appearance. 90007 90004 90007 90004 90115 90116 90007 90008 90005 Engineered wood products for framing homes 90006 90011 90004 Engineered wood requires more processing than standard wood. As may be expected, engineered wood is more expensive than the types described above, and has a higher embodied energy given that it undergoes multiple transformations.Even so, it has many technical and ecological advantages: it can be very strong and facilitate large spans without requiring large trees and environmentally speaking wood framing has a lower embodied carbon footprint than concrete. 90007 90124 Open web floor joists are ideal in covered timber frame construction © Draesel Construction of Calgary 90004 90007 90004 Engineered lumber products for construction also make use of short pieces of wood that might otherwise be heading for a landfill, so as soon as you need something larger than 2×8 «, opt for engineered wood products whenever possible as they are also usually more stable in the long term.90007 90004 In many cases, the added cost you may incur from choosing engineered wood will be recouped through significant labour savings. Engineered framing materials are straight and consistent — compare this to a 2×8 «or 2×10» which in any given pile may have discrepancies of 3/8 «or more from the largest to the smallest. In order to build a straight floor for example, some pieces will need to be shimmed and others will need to be shaved, and that takes a lot of time. 90007 90004 If you did not get your money back from a quicker installation of open-web floor joists, you certainly will when your electrician and plumber easily pass wires and pipes through existing openings rather than drilling a thousand holes through solid floor joists like in the image below.90007 90133 Wiring through solid wood floor joists is time consuming © Ecohome 90004 90007 90004 Here are the different types of engineered wood products used in home construction across the US & Canada and their main characteristics. 90007 90008 90005 Glulam or Glued Laminated Timber 90006 90011 90004 90005 Glulam is a multi-layered type of wood 90006 that is manufactured using several thicknesses of thin pieces of solid wood held together with mildew-resistant phenol glues which emit a very small amount of toxic chemicals.In North America, the material providing the laminations is termed laminating stock or lamstock and the first U.S. manufacturing standard for glulam was published by the Department of Commerce in 1963. This process makes it possible to produce posts and beams that are strong and well suited for wide spans.Because glulam is strong and very easy to work with, it is often used in roof framing but is finding more and more applications in structural elements of buildings. Some notable uses of glulam beams in the US and Canada include: 90007 90004 90005 Eastern Kentucky University’s Alumni Coliseum, US, 90006 was 90005 90006 built in тисячі дев’ятсот шістьдесят три with the world’s largest glued laminated arches, which span 308 feet, 3 1/2 inches.90007 90004 90005 The roof of the Richmond Olympic Oval, BC Canada 90006, built for speed skating events at the 2010 Winter Olympic Games in Vancouver, features one of the world’s largest clearspan wooden structures. The roof includes 2,400 cubic metres of Douglas fir lamstock lumber in glulam beams. A total of 34 yellow-cedar glulam posts support the overhangs where the roof extends beyond the walls. 90007 90004 90005 Anaheim ICE, located in Anaheim California, US, 90006 is also an example of using Glulam manufactured timber products.Disney Development Company wanted to build an aesthetically pleasing ice rink with reduced cost, and glulam was one of the most qualified materials. Architect Frank Gehry suggested a design with large double-curved Yellow pine glulam beams, and the ice rink was constructed in 1995. 90007 90004 90005 Glulam bridge crossing Montmorency River Quebec, Canada. 90006 Pressure-treated glulam timbers or timbers manufactured from naturally durable wood species are well suited for creating bridges. Wood’s ability to absorb impacts created by traffic and its natural resistance to chemicals like those used for de-icing roadways, make it ideal for these uses especially in cold climate zones.Glulam has been successfully used for pedestrian, forest, highway, and railway bridges. Other examples in North America of glulam bridges are Keystone Wye, South Dakota, constructed in 1967 and The Kingsway Pedestrian Bridge in Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada. 90007 90004 90005 Glulam is also used for the construction of multi-use facilities 90006 such as churches, school buildings, and libraries, and the Cathedral of Christ the Light in Oakland, California, is a beautiful example of glulam beams combining ecological and aesthetic considerations.90007 90004 90005 Plyscrapers 90006 are another possible use for glulam, with Vancouver’s 18-storey Brock Commons tower standing as a testament to the vast possibilities of timber in construction. Once the world’s tallest timber framed building, it was built cheaper, faster and with less environmental impact than a comparable steel and concrete structure would have been — offsetting an estimated 2,432 metric tonnes of embodied carbon. Vancouver is now pushing even those limits by unveiling plans for the Canada Earth Tower, an massive 40-storey tower that would be the world’s tallest wooden building, although the structure would be predominantly made out of fire-resistant wood 90005 cross-laminated timber ( CLT) 90006.Floor plates, structural columns, and exteriors will use wood materials. 90007 90174 Cross-laminated timber is stable and Green especially if FSC approved 90004 90007 90008 90005 Cross-laminated timber (CLT) 90006 90011 90004 90005 CLT is manufactured using many sheets of wood stacked on top of each other and then glued 90006 together. Each layer is oriented crosswise to the next, which makes for extremely stable and strong panels. Having established itself on the European market over the past twenty years, CLT has only recently become available in North America.This type of wood has excellent thermal and acoustic properties, is highly resistant to fire, and provides exceptional structural strength. CLT can be used to build load-bearing walls, floors and roofs. To date, it has mainly been used in residential construction, but tall wood buildings (between 5 and 10 stories), encouraged by changes in building code in relation to timber use in tall buildings, are now starting to pop up all over the world with over 500 mid to high rise timber buildings under construction across Canada alone in 2019-2020.90007 90185 OSB exterior sheathing with foam attached © Ecohome 90004 90007 90004 90005 OSB (Oriented Strand Board) 90006 90007 90004 90005 Also known as Aspenite, OSB is a panel fabricated using small strips of wood 90006. OSB is not as strong as plywood, or as resistant to weather, but it is a lower cost alternative to plywood. It is most often used as exterior sheathing, as well as being the centre web of engineered wooden I-Joists. OSB makes use of small pieces of waste wood and is bonded using a phenol formaldehyde, a far less toxic substitute for the urea formaldehyde of days past.All that to say, it certainly will not improve the air quality of your home, but it is generally not thought to be too great a health hazard. Did you also know that OSB sheathing can be used as a vapor barrier in homes? See here. 90007 90196 Hardwood veneer plywood © Columbia Forest Products 90004 90007 90008 90005 Plywood 90006 90011 90004 90005 Plywood is most commonly found as a 4 x 8 ‘panel that is made from thin sheets of wood veneer 90006 that are bonded together using phenol formaldehyde glues, although certain manufacturers are leading the way with formaldehyde-free plywood products.Plywood is used for different structural elements such as studs in load-bearing walls, partitions, floor beams and roof supports. It is assembled with the grain of each layer running in the opposite direction of the previous one, making a very stable and strong final product that is highly resistant to cracking, twisting and shrinkage. Plywood is commonly used on residential construction sites as a flooring substrate, exterior wall and roof sheathing, as well as certain interior finishing applications and furniture.90007 90004 One thing to bear in mind with all engineered wood products in homes is that it’s at greater risk of moisture damage than solid timber used for framing and structural elements, for example 90005 Polyethylene vapor barriers in combination with OSB & air conditioning in homes can rot walls learn more here. 90006 90007 90008 Before deciding which lumber to use when framing a house, learn 90005 which is better OSB or plywood for walls, roofs & Floors here 90006 90011 90002 Interior finishing wood 90003 90004 Mouldings for interior finishing can be made of all sorts of materials.Solid wood is one option (pine, oak, maple or yellow birch). It is still rather expensive but it has the advantage of being a durable material that does not require harmful adhesives. 90005 MDF 90006 mouldings (Medium Density Fibreboard) are more reasonably priced and made largely of waste wood products, but they are fairly heavily ladden with toxic adhesives. Solid wood products with Zero VOC finishes will go a long way to helping you keep clean indoor air quality, though other eco-friendly alternatives to MDF are becoming available, such as formaldehyde-free MDF made from rice husks.90007 90002 Timber for Exterior Siding & Finishing of Homes 90003 90012 90013 90005 Pros of Wood Siding: 90006 It makes for a great looking traditional finish to the siding on a home. Certainly with FSC wood siding, extraction & manufacturing can be sustainable, and very little pollution is generated in production and manufacturing. Wood is abundantly available to us in Canada & North America, provided that forests are managed properly. 90016 90013 90005 Cons of Wood Siding: 90006 It is not the most durable choice to protect your home from weather, and clearly wood siding is not the best for fire resistance.Wood can be susceptible to damage from insects and rodents, as well as mold and rot from moisture & humidity. 90016 90013 90005 Cost of wood siding: 90006 $ 8 to $ 20 per square foot installed, depending on type of wood, style and the complexity of the job. 90016 90013 90005 Expected siding lifespan: 90006 Durability of 90005 90006 40 to 55 years if the wood siding is regularily & carefully maintained 90016 90025 90004 Note: There are companies that offer pre-painted wood siding products, a quality that you can not match on a ladder with a brush.Several coats of paint are applied, to both sides, so your job is simply to cut the siding to length, paint the ends, and install it. A reputable company will give your siding a warranty up around 15 years, and potentially up to 30 years if you apply a coat of paint within that first 15 years. 90007 90004 If you prefer to paint your wood siding yourself, it will be a lot easier (and a better quality) if you do it on the ground before installation. It will require significant space to paint, but also the time to build drying racks for your siding to sit on while the paint finish is drying off.To see more about choosing the best siding for your house, see here 90007 90002 Wooden Furniture 90003 90004 Regardless of the type of wood that is used, furniture for use inside the home should ideally be free of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), including formaldehyde, to protect your indoor air quality. For finishings and maintenance — again to protect your air quality — look for zero VOC paints and finishes. 90007 90008 Now you read about 90005 the best lumber choices for framing homes 90006, learn more about 90005 framing timber for homes 90006 in the specific 90005 Guide Section devoted to Wood & Organic Materials for high efficiency home construction here, 90006 or read all about 90005 eco -friendly Hemp Furniture Board here 90006, or check out our 90005 Guide page about wood-frame construction 90006 or even find out about beautiful 90005 Shou sugi ban carbonized wood exterior cladding here 90006 from the EcoHome 90005 Green Building Guides 90006 90011 90004 90007 90004 90007 .